भारतीय संविदा अधिनियम, 1872
Indian Contract Act, 1872
करार कब कानूनन लागू होने वाली संविदा बनते हैं, उनका पालन, भंग और उसके परिणाम; साथ में क्षतिपूर्ति, प्रत्याभूति, उपनिधान, गिरवी और अभिकरण।
- 192 धाराएँ
- 12 अध्याय
- 1872 का अधिनियम संख्यांक 9
अध्याय और धाराएँ
1प्रारंभिकधारा 1 से 2
2प्रस्थापनाओं की संसूचना, प्रतिग्रहण और प्रतिसंहरणधारा 3 से 9
3संविदाएँ, शून्यकरणीय संविदाएँ और शून्य करारधारा 10 से 30
- 10What agreements are contracts
- 11Who are competent to contract
- 12What is a sound mind for the purposes of contracting
- 13“Consent” defined
- 14“Free consent” defined
- 15“Coercion” defined
- 16“Undue influence” defined
- 17“Fraud” defined
- 18“Misrepresentation” defined
- 19Voidability of agreements without free consent
- 19APower to set aside contract induced by undue influence
- 20Agreement void where both parties are under mistake as to matter of fact
- 21Effect of mistakes as to law
- 22Contract caused by mistake of one party as to matter of fact
- 23What considerations and objects are lawful, and what not
- 24Agreement void, if considerations and objects unlawful in part
- 25Agreement without consideration, void, unless it is in writing and registered, or is a promise to compensate for something done, or is a promise to pay a debt barred by limitation law
- 26Agreement in restraint of marriage, void
- 27Agreement in restraint of trade, void
- 28Agreements in restraint of legal proceeding void
- 29Agreements void for uncertainty
- 30Agreements by way of wager, void
4समाश्रित संविदाएँधारा 31 से 36
- 31“Contingent contract” defined
- 32Enforcement of contracts contingent on an event happening
- 33Enforcement of contracts contingent on an event not happening
- 34When event on which contract is contingent to be deemed impossible, if it is the future conduct of a living person
- 35When contracts become void which are contingent on happening of specified event within fixed time
- 36Agreement contingent on impossible events void
5संविदाओं का पालनधारा 37 से 67
- 37Obligation of parties to contracts
- 38Effect of refusal to accept offer of performance
- 39Effect of refusal of party to perform promise wholly
- 40Person by whom promise is to be performed
- 41Effect of accepting performance from third person
- 42Devolution of joint liabilities
- 43Any one of joint promisors may be compelled to perform
- 44Effect of release of one joint promisor
- 45Devolution of joint rights
- 46Time for performance of promise, when no application is to be made and no time is specified
- 47Time and place for performance of promise, where time is specified and no application to be made
- 48Application for performance on certain day to be at proper time and place
- 49Place for performance of promise, where no application to be made and no place fixed for performance
- 50Performance in manner or at time prescribed or sanctioned by promisee
- 51Promisor not bound to perform, unless reciprocal promisee ready and willing to perform
- 52Order of performance of reciprocal promises
- 53Liability of party preventing event on which the contract is to take effect
- 54Effect of default as to that promise which should be first performed, in contract consisting of reciprocal promises
- 55Effect of failure to perform at fixed time, in contract in which time is essential
- 56Agreement to do impossible act
- 57Reciprocal promise to do things legal, and also other things illegal
- 58Alternative promise, one branch being illegal
- 59Application of payment where debt to be discharged is indicated
- 60Application of payment where debt to be discharged is not indicated
- 61Application of payment where neither party appropriates
- 62Effect of novation, rescission, and alteration of contract
- 63Promisee may dispense with or remit performance of promise
- 64Consequences of rescission of voidable contract
- 65Obligation of person who has received advantage under void agreement, or contract that becomes void
- 66Mode of communicating or revoking rescission of voidable contract
- 67Effect of neglect of promisee to afford promisor reasonable facilities for performance
6संविदा द्वारा सृष्ट संबंधों के सदृश कुछ संबंधधारा 68 से 72
- 68Claim for necessaries supplied to person incapable of contracting, or on his account
- 69Reimbursement of person paying money due by another, in payment of which he is interested
- 70Obligation of person enjoying benefit of non-gratuitous act
- 71Responsibility of finder of goods
- 72Liability of person to whom money is paid, or thing delivered, by mistake or under coercion
8माल का विक्रय (निरसित)धारा 76 से 123
- 76Repealedहटाई गई
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9क्षतिपूर्ति और प्रत्याभूतिधारा 124 से 147
- 124“Contract of indemnity” defined
- 125Rights of indemnity-holder when sued
- 126“Contract of guarantee”, “surety”, “principal debtor” and “creditor”
- 127Consideration for guarantee
- 128Surety‟s liability
- 129“Continuing guarantee”
- 130Revocation of continuing guarantee
- 131Revocation of continuing guarantee by surety‟s death
- 132Liability of two persons, primarily liable, not affected by arrangement between them that one shall be surety on other‟s default
- 133Discharge of surety by variance in terms of contract
- 134Discharge of surety by release or discharge of principal debtor
- 135Discharge of surety when creditor compounds with, gives time to, or agrees not to sue, principal debtor
- 136Surety not discharged when agreement made with third person to give time to principal debtor
- 137Creditor‟s forbearance to sue does not discharge surety
- 138Release of one co-surety does not discharge others
- 139Discharge of surety of creditor‟s act or omission impairing surety‟s eventual remedy
- 140Rights of surety on payment or performance
- 141Surety‟s right to benefit of creditor‟s securities
- 142Guarantee obtained by misrepresentation invalid
- 143Guarantee obtained by concealment invalid
- 144Guarantee on contract that creditor shall not act on it until co-surety joins
- 145Implied promise to indemnify surety
- 146Co-sureties liable to contribute equally
- 147Liability of co-sureties bound in different sums
10उपनिधानधारा 148 से 181
- 148“Bailment”, “bailor” and “bailee” defined
- 149Delivery to bailee how made
- 150Bailor‟s duty to disclose faults in goods bailed
- 151Care to be taken by bailee
- 152Bailee when not liable for loss, etc., of thing bailed
- 153Termination of bailment by bailee‟s act inconsistent with conditions
- 154Liability of bailee making unauthorized use of goods bailed
- 155Effect of mixture, with bailor‟s consent, of his goods with bailee‟s
- 156Effect of mixture, without bailor‟s consent, when the goods can be separated
- 157Effect of mixture, without bailor‟s consent, when the goods cannot be separated
- 158Repayment, by bailor, of necessary expenses
- 159Restoration of goods lent gratuitously
- 160Return of goods bailed on expiration of time or accomplishment of purpose
- 161Bailee‟s responsibility when goods are not duly returned
- 162Termination of gratuitous bailment by death
- 163Bailor entitled to increase or profit from goods bailed
- 164Bailor‟s responsibility to bailee
- 165Bailment by several joint owners
- 166Bailee not responsible on re-delivery to bailor without title
- 167Right of third person claiming goods bailed
- 168Right of finder of goods
- 169When finder of thing commonly on sale may sell it
- 170Bailee‟s particular lien
- 171General lien of bankers, factors, wharfingers, attorneys and policy-brokers
- 172“Pledge”, “Pawnor” and “Pawnee” defined
- 173Pawnee‟s right of retainer
- 174Pawnee not to retain for debt or promise other than that for which goods pledged
- 175Pawnee‟s right as to extraordinary expenses incurred
- 176Pawnee‟s right where pawnor makes default
- 177Defaulting pawnor‟s right to redeem
- 178Pledge by mercantile agent
- 178APledge by person in possession under voidable contract
- 179Pledge where pawnor has only a limited interest
- 180Suit by bailor or bailee against wrong-doer
- 181Apportionment of relief or compensation obtained by such suits
11अभिकरणधारा 182 से 238
- 182“Agent” and “principal” defined
- 183Who may employ agent
- 184Who may be an agent
- 185Consideration not necessary
- 186Agent‟s authority may be expressed or implied
- 187Definitions of express and implied authority
- 188Extent of agent‟s authority
- 189Agent‟s authority in an emergency
- 190When agent cannot delegate
- 191“Sub-agent” defined
- 192Representation of principal by sub-agent properly appointed
- 193Agent‟s responsibility for sub-agent appointed without authority
- 194Relation between principal and person duly appointed by agent to act in business of agency
- 195Agent‟s duty in naming such person
- 196Right of person as to acts done for him without his authority
- 197Ratification may be expressed or implied
- 198Knowledge requisite for valid ratification
- 199Effect of ratifying unauthorized act forming part of a transaction
- 200Ratification of unauthorized act cannot injure third person
- 201Termination of agency
- 202Termination of agency, where agent has an interest in subject-matter
- 203When principal may revoke agent‟s authority
- 204Revocation where authority has been partly exercised
- 205Compensation for revocation by principal, or renunciation by agent
- 206Notice of revocation or renunciation
- 207Revocation and renunciation may be expressed or implied
- 208When termination of agent‟s authority takes effect as to agent, and as to third persons
- 209Agent‟s duty on termination of agency by principal‟s death or insanity
- 210Termination of sub-agent‟s authority
- 211Agent‟s duty in conducting principal‟s business
- 212Skill and diligence required from agent
- 213Agent‟s accounts
- 214Agent‟s duty to communicate with principal
- 215Right of principal when agent deals, on his own account, in business of agency without principal‟s consent
- 216Principal‟s right to benefit gained by agent dealing on his own account in business of agency
- 217Agent‟s right of retainer out of sums received on principal‟s account
- 218Agent‟s duty to pay sums received for principal
- 219When agent‟s remuneration becomes due
- 220Agent not entitled to remuneration for business misconducted
- 221Agent‟s lien on principal‟s property
- 222Agent to be indemnified against consequences of lawful acts
- 223Agent to be indemnified against consequences of acts done in good faith
- 224Non-liability of employer of agent to do a criminal act
- 225Compensation to agent for injury caused by principal‟s neglect
- 226Enforcement and consequences of agent‟s contracts
- 227Principal how far bound, when agent exceeds authority
- 228Principal not bound when excess of agent‟s authority is not separable
- 229Consequences of notice given to agent
- 230Agent cannot personally enforce, nor be bound by, contracts on behalf of principal
- 231Rights of parties to a contract made by agent not disclosed
- 232Performance of contract with agent supposed to be principal
- 233Right of person dealing with agent personally liable
- 234Consequence of inducing agent or principal to act on belief that principal or agent will be held exclusively liable
- 235Liability of pretended agent
- 236Person falsely contracting as agent not entitled to performance
- 237Liability of principal inducing belief that agent‟s unauthorized acts were authorized
- 238Effect, on agreement, of misrepresentation or fraud by agent
12भागीदारी (निरसित)धारा 239 से 266
- 239Repealedहटाई गई
- 240Repealedहटाई गई
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- 266Repealedहटाई गई
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